WEEK6

Learning contents

1. Proximal vs Distal Determinants

When discussing SDoH, we often identify which factors are proximal to the individual, and which are distal. This is important because the health system mostly operates at a proximal level. By addressing proximal determinants, it may be possible to avert or minimise the need for expensive medical care. Conversely, distal determinants indirectly influence health by acting on the more proximal factors, their interrelated mechanisms, levels, trends, and distributions.

• What are 2 examples of proximal determinants?
• What are 2 examples of distal determinants?

-Proximal determinants : act on both micro and macro levels, often include lifestyle or behaviour (alchol, fat, tobacco, fruit and vegetable consumption)

 

-Distal determinants : include the national, institutional, political, legal, and cultural factors that indirectly influence health by acting on the more proximal factors, their interrelated mechanisms, levels, trends, and distributions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. The Emergence of Corporations as a Health Determinant

Over the past decade, the public health sector has recognised that the private sector is significantly impacting population health. Commercial determinants of health (CDoH) have a large influence over the health behaviours of populations and the environments that we live in. Corporate activities shape our environments and determine the availability, promotion and pricing of consumables. This has resulted in ‘industrial epidemics’ and ‘profit driven’ epidemics - which has given rise to premature death & disability associated with NCDs and chronic diseases.

• CDoH drive inequity
• Which populations are most affected by this??

Commercial determinants of health

: Factors that influence health which stem from the profit motive

 

" A good or a servie where there is an inherent tension between the commercial and the public health objective "

 

-Globalisation

-Capitalism

-Internationalisation, and corporate growth and expansion

-Reflected in trade relations, the outsourcing of labour to countries with lower wages and fewer worker protections, and multinational corporates that move profits offshore to avoid taxes

 

3. SDGs Linked with Social Determinants

In 2015, the UN released their 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals are a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. You can checkin with the status of all SDGs 

https://sdgs.un.org/goals

THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development

• Identify SDGs linked with social determinants

 

4. Week 6 LC PowerPoint

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Learning contents

1. Required Resources

1. Required reading: Bringing the commercial determinants of health out of the shadows

 

2. Pricey Bargins

https://youtu.be/2HZDviQY5s0

Hidden cost..! should be paid

 

 

 

시험 이런식으로 나올 것임

 

1.Identify SD impacting mother’s and her son’s health

 

-Food security 

(Ability to access and have fresh nourish food)

: since she was with her parents she had high fat meals 

there’s no place where fresh fruits and vegetables were available

work provide free food

—>Diet directly impact on human health

—>Lucy couldn’t have proper healthy diet while she was pregnant.

 

-Employment and occupation 

(Having a job and the job properties)

: don’t provide health insurance

Extensive exposure to secondhand smoke

(Working environment)

—>spend most of the time at work. Income is from the work

—>their income is decided by the occupation and employment, and income is connected to 

 

-Income and community resources/access to health services

: she couldn’t go to closet facility that took care of uninsured women, no nearby parks or recreational facilities

(No car- income)

(Distance to the care center, no excersise-Community resources, health services)

 

-Social support including family

: she is immature parent, 20years old and her baby was unplanned.

She grew up in the family situation marked by violence and substance use

 

 

2.Explain how each of these determinants impact their health

 

Name it

Define it

Why important for health (not related to the case study)

Link to case study

 

3. Link it to the case study