Learning Content
Module 1.3 Cardiac Function and Blood Pressure
1.3.a. Determinants of cardiac output
In this topic we will look at heart rate and stroke volume and the factors that influence these parameters and how they impact on cardiac output.
Learning Outcomes
- Define cardiac output and the parameters (HR &SV) that influence CO
- Describe how CO is changed during exercise and how blood distribution is changed during exercise when compared with blood distribution at rest
- Define preload, afterload and contractility of the heart and how they influence cardiac output
- Define and describe the importance of Starlings law of the heart
- Describe the two types of heart failure, their symptoms and causes
- Describe factors that influence heart rate (hormonal, neural and other)
- Describe factors that influence stroke volume
Concept Check
Now is the time to ask yourself what can you recall about the following terms:
- cardiac output
- heart rate
- stroke volume
- pre-load
- afterload
- inotrope
- chronotrope
1.3.b. Determinants of blood pressure
In this topic we will look at the factors that influence blood pressure. These include factors influencing flow of blood through blood vessels and the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in a given time.
Learning Outcomes
- Distinguish between flow rate and flow velocity
- Define blood flow rate, blood flow velocity and blood pressure
- Define and explain the factors that influence blood flow in the vascular system and why changes in blood vessel diameter is the most important of these factors in normal healthy individual
- Explain the relationship between changes in blood vessel diameter and resistance to flow/flow rate
- Describe local/intrinsic control of blood flow
- Describe neural and hormonal control of blood flow
https://youtu.be/fBIHAM86_Wc
Concept Check
Now is the time to ask yourself what can you recall about the following terms:
- Flow rate
- Flow velocity
- Poiseuille's law
- Blood viscosity
- Intrinsic and extrinsic control of blood vessel diameter.
1.3.c. Control of blood pressure
In this topic we will look at the variables that influence blood pressure and how blood pressure is maintained and controlled.
Learning Outcomes
- Define blood pressure (BP) and total peripheral resistance
- Discuss the relationship between cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and BP.
- Define mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how it is determined from the diastolic and systolic pressure.
- List factors influencing BP and why they influence BP.
- Describe short term control of blood pressure (baroreceptor reflex).
- Describe long term control of blood pressure (hormonal-renal control).
Concept Check
Now is the time to ask yourself what can you recall about the following terms:
- Total peripheral resistance
- blood pressure/MAP
- baroreceptor reflex
- orthostatic hypotension
- renal control of blood pressure
Learning Experience
The two variables that contribute to cardiac output
ie stoke volume and heart rate
Blood pressure regulation
Please ignore the statement about increased parasympathetic nerve activity increasing vasodilation - this is not correct.
After load vs preload
-Who am I? (slide quizz)
1. Bicuspid/Mitral valve
2. Right subclavian vein
3. SA node
4. Q- QRS complex
5. Elastic artery
6. Vertebral artery
7. Sinusoid capillary
8. Hepatic portal vein ??
9.
10. Mean arterial pressure ?? After load??
Learning activities
-CV Physiology Review Sheet
-Practice questions
-Extra Practice questions
Dynamic modules
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